Book Review on the Third Side by William Ury Free Essays

Book Review of â€Å"The Third Side: Why We Fight and How We Can Stop â€Å"by William Ury Reviewed By: Syed Shahzad Ali Class: M. Phil ( DPA) Review Submitted to: Dr. Anila Amber Dated: 17th October 2012 Book Review of â€Å"The Third Side: Why We Fight and How We Can Stop â€Å"by William Ury This is a state-of-the-art book on conflict management and negotiation by well known negotiator and mediator William L. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review on the Third Side by William Ury or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ury, an American National, who is world’s leading negotiation expert, he has mediated situations ranging from corporate arena to wildcat strikes, and from family disputes to ethnic wars in the Middle East, the Balkans, N. Ireland and many other places. He has also worked on the problem of how to prevent nuclear war as a consultant to The White House Crises Management Center. He received his B. A from Yale and his Ph. D. in social anthropology from Harvard University. The structure of paperback â€Å"The Third Side† is concerned, it’s 251 pager light weight with blue cover page book which is easy to carry and read any where even in a train or bus while travelling or in coffee shop or at bed time, the font of Times New Roman has been used in the book with Bold heading ; text of book is justified. It facilitates the all state of affairs and human situations whether they belong from corporate arena to management ; labor disputes and from family crises to negotiation or peace talks between two warring countries i. e. its transforming conflict at home, at work and in the world in to Peace. This book has been written ; published in USA by Penguin Books. The title of the book is quite attractive and self explanatory for the affairs of conflict and its resolution i. e. â€Å"The Third Side † . The cover page content, color and logo again, portray the whole theme of paperback, its xplanatory subtitle on cover page of â€Å"Why We Fight And How We Can Stop† and In logo two human have been depicted in front and the word Third has been placed in between, in which the Alphabet â€Å"I† has been presented as Human which for surely complement the main Title of Book. The Purpose of book is to diminish the possibilities of conflict and change the culture of conflict with in our families, our workplaces or organizations, our communities, and most importantly within our world. The idea of paperback is to explore the reasons we are in conflict and sets forward a roadmap to resolution. The author has given ten roles convincing manner for the prevention (Provider, Teacher, Bridge-builder), containment of conflicts(Mediator, Arbiter, Equalizer, Healer) and its resolution(Witness, Referee, Peacekeeper). These ten practical roles described as managers, teachers, parents, and citizens–that each of us can play every day to prevent destructive conflict, but much detailed has not been given about which sort of personalities can adopt to which role/s or Can anyone play the all roles simultaneously? And in our Pakistani society where we have limitations to interfere into the other affairs as third side by using all ten roles cannot be possible to play by one individual. Apart from mediation, all roles lack in to tell someone that how one can develop the qualities to perform such roles and how you can do it? As far as his methodology is concerned so it’s quite simplified but more hypotheses can be created region wise graphical representation but book lacks in it for instance author can segregate the chapters region wise that how one conflict resolves in one society i. . in east or west etc and variation in conflicts level in different societies or cultures. Much of examples are from his personal cases or experiences which have been discussed over again and again throughout the book but case studies from some other references can be included to prove his point of view which must give his work more authentication. Author is an anthropologist that’s why he has given to o much depth in first too chapter where he specifies about the history of human being and its evolution, culture development, population growth on earth , agriculture istory, industrial Knowledge revolution, Development of weapons wars etc, which some time distract the reader ‘s attention from its main theme of conflict management. Tone ; Expression of author was strong in beginning but it has become soften when third segment of book started from How can we stop? And at the end again tone ; expression of author found strong. Ideology of an author is ideal which might be varied from culture to culture ; Society to Society. Argument presented in the paperback with lot of enthusiasm ; conviction, one should appreciate it as well. Grip on content were sufficient within a single part of book and linkages among thr paragraphs were better but among the three parts it bit distracted as first part of book was bit lengthy ; over detailed and reader may lost the direction if he is not reading it in a one sitting. Conclusion has been depicted in a very persuasive ; suggestive manner which left the profound impression on the reader mind about the third side ; Conflict Management. It’s a significant contribution by William Ury to the domain of conflict Management. It’s not only give the new meaning to manage the relationships while dealing with difficult people which is need of today’s world specially for the society of Pakistan, but also it is equally instructive for the students of social sciences or psychology. One should read it once in his/her life whether one is professional or not or student of conflict management, to create a better understanding about the third side ; conflict resolution. It is the prime need of our society in Pakistan to include this special gift on Conflict resolution to make it the part of our educational curriculum. How to cite Book Review on the Third Side by William Ury, Essay examples

Alvarez Shows Language is A Tremendous Difference In Everyones Lives Essay Example For Students

Alvarez Shows Language is A Tremendous Difference In Everyones Lives Essay In HisStoryAlvarez Shows Language is A Tremendous Difference In Everyones Lives In HisStoryRudy and Yolanda communicated in completely different languages. Bylanguage, I mean the written, and spoken kind. More so I mean the traditions,and values that go hand in hand with learning a language. When they learnedtheir own languages, they inherited their own set of ideals, that were changedby what, where, and how they were taught. Yolandas language was Spanish. She learned to speak Spanish in theDominican Republic. Her lifestyle was one of a strict Catholic girl. Yo had avery traditional father. He allowed nothing but what was the social norm. Hissocial norms became hers. When she moved to the U.S., she was completely naivewhen it came to the American culture. Yolanda was raised in the way that the useof drugs and alcohol were totally unheard of. Pre-marital sex was something thatwas taboo, and strictly reinforced. She had grown up with very traditionalvalues that were adopted from her mother and her father. She was never exposedto any outside stimuli. Whether or not it was voluntary, she was forced toconform to the rigid Hispanic values. This conformity kept her at bay. Shecouldnt experience the things necessary to become a whole person. We will write a custom essay on Alvarez Shows Language is A Tremendous Difference In Everyones Lives specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Rudolf B. Elmhurst was a young man from a liberal family in the UnitedStates. His parents were easy-going people, with thoughts of letting Rudydevelop on his own. He learned English much the same way Yolanda learned Spanish. He was taught by his parents. He also absorbed the culture around him and helearned the American way of doing things. Rudy had quite a bit of freedom. Hecould have come and gone as he pleased. He had no restrictions, and was allowedto grow freely. With that opportunity Rudolf Brodermann Elmenhurst was able tolaugh along with everyone else at the mention of his difficult to pronounce name. He had been allowed to grow unrestricted, but not unchecked. While his parentwere liberal, they still gave him the attention necessary, and the room toevolve. This independence helped him to be who he was, invincible to insult,injury, and always in control. When Yolanda and Rudy first met they were in English class. He hadshowed up late and totally unprepared for class, the exact opposite of her. Shemarveled at how he could walk in late, take what she thought of as anembarrassing scene, and laugh about it. She always went to class early, had allof her books and was well prepared for class. She also got extremely embarrassedwhen he laughed about the pencil, which he considered no big deal, but a chanceto show off. Rudy and Yolanda had been raised differently, and this affected howthey interacted socially. This is one of the most pronounced differences betweenthem that is brought about by language, and the ideals that accompany theirdifferent backgrounds. Rudy and Yo were working on their poems for class. Yolanda used thestyle she had been taught. She followed the instructions to the letter. Rudy hadwrote about what he wanted, and tried to be the class clown. This was anotherdifference in their language. She had been taught to do as told, and doeverything correctly. Rudy was doing what he wanted, as he was taught to. Heused the assignment as a chance to get attention, to be noticed. Yo shied awayfrom anything of the sort. She was quiet, and shy, he was loud, and likedattention. This was another side effect of language. In learning the strictHispanic values, Yolanda had learned that children were supposed to be quiet,proper, etc. Rudy just did what came natural. He wasnt taught to fear anything,so he never had that problem. The different languages taught differentmentalities, and were based on the values of the teachers. .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .postImageUrl , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:hover , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:visited , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:active { border:0!important; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:active , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Time to Kill EssaySomehow they decided to work together on their homework. She helpedwrite his poem using the phrases and double meanings that he thought would beappropriate. It was pornographic by her standards, but she didnt know what anyof it meant. She wrote her poem using the format that she was taught to. When itcame time for the two to read their poems Yolanda read hers first. No one knewwhat she was talking about because they had a different frame of mind. Then Rudyread his poem the whole class erupted with laughter. The rest of the class hadunderstood all of the inside jokes, and puns. He later explained to her all ofthe little details that she couldnt understan d. Yolanda couldnt comprehendwhat was going on because of her language, and the way she was raised. She wasnever allowed to experience anything of the sort, so it all seemed alien to her,just as her poem had to him, and the rest of the class. After a short time dating, Rudy began to try and introduce sex intotheir relationship. He had up to that point corrupted her to drinking, smoking,and doing a variety of drugs. She still hung onto the fear instilled in her as achild. Rudy had never had to have that fear, he was totally uninhibited. Shewanted to experience sex, but she told herself no. She still had the old fearsin her head. The threats of her father, the priests, and the other fears she hadinvented, stemming from the roots of her language, and the Hispanic upbringing. The language Rudy used, and the ways he described sex had also driven her away. When he refereed to sex as getting laid it completely turned her off. Shethought it was supposed to be very romantic, and everything would be set justright. Eventually she overcame the barriers, and made love to men. Rudy was notone of them his American overconfidence, and frustration turned her off. The waythey communicated about sex, and love was a major difference in languages. Yolanda had acquired the idea that sex was an act of love, and should be treatedas such, and introduced as such. Rudy was interested in the short termgratification of getting laid.Rudy and Yolanda grew up learning different languages, and at the sametime learning the cultural norms of the area in which they originated. Theybrought their values with them when they went to college. Rudy had the samestyle of free upbringing that most Americans at that time had.. Yolanda wasraised by a stern father, who left no room for argument. The barrier betweenYolandas world, viewed through her Hispanic background, and the new world shemoved into was very hard for her to overcome. Eventually she changed, and adapted more to the American culture, as shebegan to learn the English language first hand. The languages that these twoyoung adults had learned molded who they were. They each learned a differentlanguage, so they had different, conflicting ideals. Gradually one language gets assimilated by another. Yolanda began tolose her language, and her Hispanic values. The more popular American style tookover. She was captured by the new culture, and almost completely lost her oldone. Rudy soon faded from her life. People are affected by how, where, and whenthey are raised. Alvarez shows that language is a tremendous difference in everyoneslives. Everything that is the norm for one person is completely alien to someoneelse, and visa versa. The language, spoken, written, and cultural play a hugepart in who we are. Rudy and Yo, are just two small examples of language in anever changing world.

External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses Essay Example

External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses Essay IPhone 4 Analysis – External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses According to the department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia (2008), it has a democratic and stable political environment. â€Å"Its government and regulatory institutions are reliable, transparent, impartial and internationally competitive—providing investors with a safe and secure business framework.† The Australian government supports foreign investment, and in 2007, it was ranked first in Global Corporate Governance (Government of Australia, 2008) The government of Australia further says that its economic strength continues to be stable. In 1997-2007, there was economic growth of 3.5 percent, which was well above other developed countries. They say that their economy is service based, with the service-based industries accounting for 70% of gross value. This is ideal for a smart phone service company. The environment of Australia is very conducive and less pollution of air and water. It has great recreational facilities, cost of living and its stable political and social life are very appealing (Government of Australia, 2008). Australian Automobile Association (2008) says that cars are minimizing pollution. The social environment of Australia has a population of approximately 21 million people (Government of Australia, 2008). Australia is a multilingual country with people speaking another language different from English. It is also culturally diverse, and there is a highly skilled workforce in the country (Government of Austra lia, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the government of Australia, the country has a sophisticated information and communication s technology. â€Å"A powerful combination of world-class information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure and high-level technological adaptability across all Australian industry sectors provides an excellent environment for investment.† (Government of Australia, 2008), and is ranked as the fourth country in using the internet. Australia was said to perform well in communication technology in 2008 as said by Economist Intelligence Unit data, regarding its e-readiness and had a score of 8.83 out of 10, which is ideal for smart phone industry (Government of Australia, 2008). Key Success Factors (KSF) In the smart phone industry, technology, marketing, skill and capability, and distributions are key success areas that a firm would consider in the market. According to AppsCore (n.d.) in Australia, companies use smart phone to be at contact with the customers. The companies are aware that smart phone can help keep contacts with the busy customers who are more technology oriented. The smart phones are used by these companies to market their services since they have the applications necessary for online marketing and sales. This shows that smart phones with good applications will be preferred. According to Arghire (2009), in Australia, according to a research firm, data-centric handsets overtook voice-centric devices. This shows that technological devices are more preferred (Paul Budde Communication, 2011) Marketing, on the hand is the use of several ways of meeting the needs of a customer, which include advertising, sales, public relations, customer services and satisfaction McNamara (n.d.). According to Joy (2011), a superior marketing strategy is seen as a key factor that led to success of Android as a world leader in smart phone industry. She says that Google’s tools of marketing and advertising, which aimed at expanding the users of Android, were successful. Neil (2009) states, â€Å"Advertising has also started playing a more important role, apart from the information†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The skills and capabilities of a smart phone are essential in this industry. According to Henty (2008), the increasing development of communication technology is reciprocated by the growing demand for it. The growth demand for data information, hardware, software and networks dictates that innovations and accessibility to these services is important to the users who use them in varied ways Henty (2008). The Smartphone industry can only meet this by innovations that have these capabilities. According to Cronin (2011), the smart phone has a capability of making things easier. He says that they are used to do tasks such as paying bills. According to Trylor (2009), a smart phone is considered mobile business partner that allows you do be in touch with clients, and should contain important capabilities for business such as email and security. The ability of a smart phone to meet these capabilities is key factors in this industry. Customers consider this consideration before buying one (Mo bile Phone Lover, 2011). Distribution of these items is very necessary to reach the customers. Joy (2011) says that, â€Å"†¦all major U.S. mobile operators have launched their own mobile networks Android powered Smartphone. This provides convenient conditions for users to choose Android phones.† These operators distribute the smart phones to their customers, unlike Apple, who distribute their smart phones on their own. This gives android a market advantage since its devices are marketed by several mobile operator firms. Digital news of Hunt360, (n. d.), supports this idea. Driving Forces (DF) identified from Macro-environment analysis Driving forces that mould the industry are several and firms in this industry have to consider them critically. One of them is the advancing demand for internet (The Anniston, n.d). Recently, according to Henty (2008), internet and communication technology is growing rapidly, since its uses are diversified. She says that it is hard for people to do research without it. Since the smart phones contain good internet services, their demand is increasing. The Anniston also says that a mew generation that is connected and accessing money and employment demands is another driving force in the industry. Many youths, who are the great users of internet, are accessing money. This increases the demand for smart phones. Increasing globalization and competition, and a fast-paced work culture due to internet and need to be available is another driving force for this industry. The low prices of manufacturing and distribution of the smart phones, making them available and affordable drives the indus try. The Anniston also says that the increased cellular coverage across the globe is a driving factor, since it increases the demand for cellular phone devices. Porter’s Forces Threat of Rivalry Rivalry in the smart phone industry is high due to the five major competitors being strong (The Anniston) This is a threat. Threat of supplier power The suppliers of smart phone processors are said to be few making them strong.(The Anniston) This is a threat to the Smartphone industry. Threat of substitution It is very weak since smart phones exist as substitute for laptops and other cellular devices. It tends to incorporate all (The Anniston) This is a good opportunity for Smartphone industry. Threat of buyer power It is moderate since customers do not have much choice and can only switch between brands (The Anniston) This makes it an opportunity for profit in the industry. Threat of new entrants New entrant’s threat is moderate. New entrants can only use single element of value chain, which is easier. There is opportunity for continued growth profit since new entrants are moderate. From the porter’s model, the Smartphone industry is only affected by two factors, which are strong influence on it. The forces are less fierce and this makes the industry attractive for profit (The Anniston). This analysis is used to analyze markets using the five factors (Hill, C. and Jones, G. 2009). References AppsCore. n.d. Are You Being Left Behind?. Retrieved from http://www.appscore.com.au/ Arghire, I. (2009) Smartphone Market Sees 29% Increase in Australia. Retrieved from http://news.softpedia.com/news/Smartphone-Market-Sees-29-Increase-in-Australia-124186.shtmlAustralian Automobile Association. (2008). Technology and the Environment. Retrieved from http://www.aaa.asn.au/issues/technology.htmAustralian Government. (2008). Investing in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/investing_in_australia.htmlCarter, C., Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., Schweitzer, J. (2011). Strategy: Theory and Practice. Teller Road, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd.Digital news of Hunt360. n. d. Ten Factors Cause Android Success into the World’s Largest Smart Phone. Retrieved from http://www.hunt360.org/2011/02/top-ten-success-factors-into-the-worlds-largest-android-smart-phone-platform/Grant, R. (2005). Contemporary strategy analysis. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Henty, M. (2008) Developing the Capability and Skills to Support eResearch. Retrieved from http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/iss ue55/henty/Hill, C. Jones, G. (2009). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning.Joy, L. (2011). Top Ten Factors Cause Android Success into the World’s Largest Smart Phone Platform. Retrieved from http://www.sooperarticles.com/news-society-articles/technology-news-articles/top-ten-factors-cause-android-success-into-worlds-largest-smart-phone-platform-368446.htmlLukac, D. (2008). Key success factors for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): the case of FDI in western Balkan. Hamburg, Germany: Diplomica Verlag.McLoughlin, D. Aaker, D. (2010). Strategic Market Management: Global Perspectives. Marblehead, MA: John Wiley and Sons.McNamara, C. n. d. All About Marketing. Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/mrktng/mrktng.htmMobile Phone Lover. (2011) 10 Key Factors Determine a Top Smart Phone. Retrieved from http://www.getgek.com/mobile-phone/10-key-factors-determine-a-top-smart-phone.htmlNeil. (2009). Part II: Smartphones War: Smartphone OS the differentiating factor. Retieved from http://www.4gwirelessjobs.com/articles/article-detail.php?Part-II-Smartphones-War-Smartphone-OS-the-differentiating-factorArid=MTA2Auid=Njk=Papadopoulos, S. (2009). Key Success Factors in Internet Advertising. Saarbrucken, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing.Paul Budde Communication. (2011). Australia – Mobile Communications – Handset Market. Retrieved from http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Australia-Mobile-Communications-Handset-Market.htmlPorter, M. (2008). On Competition: The Harvard business review book series. Florence, KY: Harvard Business Press.Simon, H. (2009). Hidden champions of the twenty-first century: success strategies of unknown world market leaders. Boston, MA: Springer.Traylor, P. (2009).10 ways to turn your mobile phone into an efficient business tool. Retrieved from http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10things/10-ways-to-turn-your-mobile-phone-into-an-efficient-business-tool/909

Ghost Dance, Amerindian Rebellion and Religious Ritual

Ghost Dance, Amerindian Rebellion and Religious Ritual The ghost dance was a religious movement that swept across Native American populations in the West in the late 19th century. What started as a mystical ritual soon became something of a political movement and a symbol of Native American resistance to a way of life imposed by the U.S. government. A Dark Moment in History As the ghost dance spread through western Native American reservations, the federal government moved aggressively to stop the activity. The dancing and the religious teachings associated with it became issues of public concern widely reported in newspapers. As the 1890s began, the emergence of the ghost dance movement was viewed by white Americans as a credible threat. The American public was, by that time, used to the idea that Native Americans had been pacified, moved onto reservations, and essentially converted to living in the style of white farmers or settlers. The efforts to eliminate the practice of ghost dancing on reservations led to heightened tensions which had profound effects. The legendary Sitting Bull was murdered in a violent altercation sparked by the crackdown on ghost dancing. Two weeks later, the confrontations prompted by the ghost dance crackdown led to the infamous Wounded Knee Massacre. The horrific bloodshed at Wounded Knee marked the end of the Plains Indian Wars. The ghost dance movement was effectively ended, though it continued as a religious ritual in some places well into the 20th century. The ghost dance took a place at the end of a long chapter in American history, as it seemed to mark the end of Native American resistance to white rule. Origins of the Ghost Dance The story of the ghost dance began with Wovoka, a member of the Paiute tribe in Nevada. Wovoka, who was born about 1856, was the son of a medicine man. Growing up, Wovoka lived for a time with a family of white Presbyterian farmers, from whom he picked up the habit of reading the Bible every day. Wovoka developed a wide-ranging interest in religions. He was said to be familiar with Mormonism and various religious traditions of native tribes in Nevada and California. In late 1888, he became quite ill with scarlet fever and may have gone into a coma. During his illness, he claimed to have religious visions. The depth of his illness coincided with a solar eclipse on January 1, 1889, which was seen as a special sign. When Wovoka regained his health, he began to preach of knowledge which God had imparted to him. According to Wovoka, a new age would dawn in 1891. The dead of his people would be restored to life. Game which had been hunted nearly to extinction would return. And the white people would vanish and stop afflicting the indigenous peoples. Wovoka also said a ritual dance which had been taught to him in his visions must be practiced by native populations. This ghost  dance, which was similar to traditional round dances, was taught to his followers. Decades earlier, in the late 1860s, during a time of privation among western tribes, there had been a version of the ghost dance which spread through the West. That dance also prophesied positive changes to come to the lives of Native Americans. The earlier ghost dance spread through Nevada and California, but when the prophecies did not come true, the beliefs and accompanying dance rituals were abandoned. However, Wovokas teachings based on his visions took hold throughout  early 1889. His idea quickly spread along travel routes, and became widely known among the western tribes. At the time, the Native American population was demoralized. The nomadic way of life had been curtailed by the U.S. government, forcing the tribes onto reservations.  Wovokas preaching seemed to offer some hope. Representatives of various western tribes began to visit Wovoka to learn about his visions, and especially about what was becoming widely known as the ghost dance. Before long, the ritual was being performed across Native American communities, which were generally located on reservations administered by the federal government. Fear of the Ghost Dance In 1890, the ghost dance had become widespread among the western tribes. The dances became well-attended rituals, generally taking place over a span of four nights and the morning of the fifth day. Among the Sioux, who were led by the legendary Sitting Bull, the dance became extremely popular. The belief took hold that someone wearing a shirt that was worn during the ghost dance would become invulnerable to any injury. Rumors of the ghost dance began to instill fear among white settlers in South Dakota, in the region of the Indian reservation at Pine Ridge. Word began to spread that the Lakota Sioux were finding a fairly dangerous message in Wovokas visions. His talk of a new age without whites began to be seen as a call to eliminate the white settlers from the region. And part of Wovokas vision was that the various tribes would all unite. So the ghost dancers began to be seen as a dangerous movement that could lead to widespread attacks on white settlers across the entire West. The spreading fear of the ghost dance movement was picked up by newspapers, in an era when publishers such as Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were beginning to champion sensational news. In November 1890, a number of newspaper headlines across America linked the ghost dance to alleged plots against white settlers and U.S. Army troops. An example of how white society viewed the ghost dance appeared in the form of a lengthy story in the New York Times with the subheadline, How the Indians Work Themselves Up to a Fighting Pitch. The article explains how a reporter, led by friendly Indian guides, trekked overland to a Sioux camp. The trip was extremely hazardous, owing to the frenzy of the hostiles. The article described the dance, which the reporter claimed to have observed from a hill overlooking the camp. 182 bucks and squaws participated in the dance, which took place in a large circle around a tree. The reporter described the scene: The dancers held on anothers hands and moved slowly around the tree. They did not raise their feet as high as they do in the sun dance, most of the time it looked as though their ragged moccasins did not leave the ground, and the only idea of dancing the spectators could gain from the motion of the fanatics was the weary bending of the knees. Round and round the dancers went, with their eyes closed and their heads bent toward the ground. The chant was incessant and monotonous. I see my father, I see my mother, I see my brother, I see my sister, was Half Eyes translation of the chant, as the squaw and warrior moved laboriously about the tree.The spectacle was as ghastly as it could be: it showed the Sioux to be insanely religious. The white figures bobbing between pained and naked warriors and the shrill yelping noise of the squaws as they tottered in grim endeavor to outdo the bucks, made a picture in the early morning which has not yet been painted or accurately described. Half Eyes says the dance which the spectators were then witnessing had been going on all night. On the following day the other side of the country, the front-page story A Devilish Plot claimed that Indians on the Pine Ridge reservation planned to hold a ghost dance in a narrow valley. The plotters, the newspaper claimed, would  then lure soldiers into the valley to stop the ghost dance, at which point they would be massacred. In It Looks More Like War, the New York Times claimed that Little Wound, one of the leaders at the Pine Ridge reservation, the great camp of the ghost dancers, asserted that the Indians would defy orders to cease the dancing rituals. The article said the Sioux were choosing their fighting ground, and preparing for a major conflict with the U.S. Army. Role of Sitting Bull Most Americans in the late 1800s were familiar with Sitting Bull, a medicine man of the Hunkpapa Sioux who was closely associated with the Plains Wars of the 1870s. Sitting Bull did not directly participate in the massacre of Custer in 1876, though he was in the vicinity, and his followers attacked Custer and his men. Following the demise of Custer, Sitting Bull led his people into safety in Canada. After being offered amnesty, he eventually returned to the United States in 1881. In the mid-1880s, he toured with Buffalo Bills Wild West Show, alongside performers like Annie Oakley. By 1890, Sitting Bull was back in South Dakota. He became sympathetic to the movement, encouraged young Native Americans to embrace the spirituality espoused by Wovoka, and apparently urged them to take part in the ghost dance rituals. The endorsement of the movement by Sitting Bull did not go unnoticed. As the fear of the ghost dance spread, what appeared to be his involvement only heightened tensions. The federal authorities decided to arrest Sitting Bull, as it was suspected he was about to lead a major uprising among the Sioux. On December 15, 1890, a detachment of U.S. Army troops, along with Native Americans who worked as police officers on a reservation, rode out to where Sitting Bull, his family, and some followers were camped. The soldiers stayed at a distance while the police sought to arrest Sitting Bull. According to news accounts at the time, Sitting Bull was cooperative and agreed to leave with the reservation police, but young Native Americans attacked the police. A shoot-out occurred, and in the gun battle, Sitting Bull was shot and killed. The death of Sitting Bull was major news in the East. The New York Times published a story about the circumstances of his death on its front page, with subheadlines described him as an old medicine man and a wily old plotter. Wounded Knee The ghost dance movement came to a bloody end at the massacre at Wounded Knee on the morning of December 29, 1890. A detachment of the 7th Cavalry approached an encampment of natives led by a chief named Big Foot and demanded that everyone surrender their weapons. Gunfire broke out, and within an hour approximately 300 Native men, women, and children were killed. The treatment of the native peoples and the massacre at Wounded Knee signify a dark episode in American history. After the massacre at Wounded Knee, the ghost dance movement was essentially broken. While some scattered resistance to white rule arose in the following decades, the battles between Native Americans and whites in the West had ended. Resources and Further Reading â€Å"The Death of Sitting Bull.† New York Times, 17 Dec. 1890.â€Å"It Looks More Like War.† New York Times, 23 Nov. 1890.â€Å"The Ghost Dance.† New York Times, 22 Nov. 1890.â€Å"A Devilish Plot.† Los Angeles Herald, 23 Nov. 1890.

Nursing Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing Philosophy - Assignment Example At the core of nursing is patient outcomes to the extent that the wellbeing of the patient, and indeed the general public, should be at the centre of the heart of every nurse. The practice of nursing should be based on continuous professional development, respect for culture and personal views, and high ethical standards. In this respect, the nurse should be accountable, compassionate, and professional as noted by Kutin (2013). Like Florence Nightingale, I believe that nursing goes beyond profession and is, in fact, a calling. As a calling, nursing is dedicated to helping those in need with humility to the extent that the nurse must be willing to devote long hours toward work and endure stressful situations. Given that people experience different issues, are influenced by different factors (spiritual, developmental, economic, ethic, and social among others) and hold different views, patience centered care should be practiced by the nurse. In line with my values, I believe that nursing is concerned with the preservation of life. In this respect, nursing involves working as an individual and as part of a team to provide the highest possible quality of care, achieve optimal patient outcomes, and improve patient safety as noted by St. Mary’s

Potential Impacts of Terrorists Aattacks Term Paper - 1

Potential Impacts of Terrorists Aattacks - Term Paper Example The researcher states that the terrorist attack on September 11 has caused enormous devastation to the society. Nevertheless, the administration had taken serious actions to avert such terror campaign performances but it did not handle to put off the terrorist assault. The management did not have retort systems to aware people of the assault. This was quite difficult for the society to avert the attack. The attack of September 11 strained the government to build up ways to put off terrorism actions like cultural profiling and enrichment of safety measures. Communities have opted to oppose terrorism initiatives to avoid the coming terrorism attacks. The community counter terrorism proposal focussed in avoiding any terrorist assault in the society. Terrorist proceedings have become very familiar in the public like bombing. Terrorists have regularly bombed many constructions leading to deaths. The counter-terrorism plan will assist to stop the bombing of many buildings in the district. The programme stated the methods to be used to oppose the terrorist harassment. The attacks of terrorism have unfavourable effects on humanity and on the nation itself. Such attacks lead to have psychological, behavioural, and neurobiological shock to the civilization. Moreover, such terrorist attacks root to have cognitive effects on the community. It also influenced elderly and disabled people. Vivid research has been done to establish the shock of terrorism on kids, aged people and other people in the community. Researchers disagreed that terrorism like other tragedies has caused gloominess among the victims and their families. The sufferers suffer out of huge losses as a result it becomes very difficult for them to come out of the loss and pain and to live again a normal healthy livelihood.

Socio-economic Influences on Health

Socio-economic Influences on Health Scenario You are employed by the Public Health England as an assistant to the regional Public health officer in UK. Your manager has asked you to produce a report on why the life expectancy of individuals in the Midlands is lower than the London. Your report should cover AC 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 (Evidence type-Report) AC 1.1 Explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health. Your report should highlight the reasons for the difference in life expectancy for the two regions M1. The term socio-economic has been developed from the sociology and economic disciplines which, respectively, explore and examine people which comprise society and the economy which encapsulates finance. Together, social and economic factors, their interaction is examined to identify its impact and/influence on outcomes such as health. Socio-economic factors include income/low or no income, employment/unemployment, the environment, access to information, and citizenship status. The availability of jobs, and the type of jobs, is, in the main, the factor which impacts on life expectancy. Income is derived from employment, whether self or external, and with income housing can either be purchased or rented, food can be bought and citizenship issues can be resolved; albeit across a range such as the quality of food and housing stock. However, it is quite often the case that without income acquiring food, clothing and shelter is problematic. Over many years the main industries, which allowed families to manage their lives, have been either reduced or eliminated across the UK, and more so in some areas than in others. In the Midlands many of the textile industries no longer exist, as too the car manufacturing industries, and training in new technologies, available in other areas of the UK such as London, has either not been made available or is available in specific areas as opposed to all areas. Hence, without investment in other technologies by both the private and public sector jobs in areas such as the Midlands are limited; educated Midlands people whose voice may have been heard in demanding better civic services, such as in regular weekly bin collection, are no longer heard as many migrate to London for employment, and/or better employment opportunities. High socio-economic factors almost guarantees good health in that the quality of food is most likely to be nutritious and with ready access to health information, whether in text or through networking such as having a neighbour who is a doctor or a medical researcher, high socio-economic individuals will manage and monitor their health with regular visit to alternative practitioners and gyms as they practise a preventative health lifestyle to avoid negative socio-economic health conditions. Obviously, some health conditions cannot be prevented if they are hereditary but, conditions linked to obesity for example, are more likely to be avoided with the assistance of a physical fitness trainer for example. In so doing, obesity is avoided and linked lifestyle conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and hypertension can either be avoided or delayed. This may not be the case with those living with low incomes, either owing to poorly paid employment positions or unemployment. Such people would n ot be able to afford a personal trainer who may also assist them in constructing a menu conducive to a healthy lifestyle; notably not all vegetables are of the same nutritious quality so even if low income families are eating healthily they may not be eating quality health food when compared with those with a high income (Fowajuh, 2007; Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2011). Based on available employment opportunities, it would be safe to claim that high income individuals/families are more likely to be found in London than in the Midlands, with the observation that life expectancy being greater in London than in the Midlands. Along with the quality of food purchased, and opportunities to purchase help to support a healthy physical regime, is the issue of housing. Low income individuals may have to content themselves with having a roof over their heads, irrespective of damp which brings on mould, poor heating and a generally unpleasant environment. Conditions, as stated in previous sentence, impacts on respiratory health, and if a child grows up in such conditions, these conditions can either exacerbate asthma or increase the chances of developing it, with long-term effects into adulthood and quite limiting life expectancy. A child from a high income family may have asthma but the chances of his or her home environment aggravating the condition is quite minimal, if at all. In addition, those with high disposable incomes are more likely to live in hospital trust areas which are well resourced and well-funded, and if not they are more likely to make a fuss to try and force a change or have the know how to de mand a second opinion or go to the private sector; Low income individuals are unlikely to do the same and most certainly will not have the finance to go private Quite, unfortunately, socio-economic factors, which are greatly affected by income leave certain regions in the UK at the mercy of those dispensing healthcare, whether it is adequate and fit for purpose or not, hence the discrepancy in life expectancy in regions such as London and the Midlands. In essence, the central socio-economic factor, Money buys goods and services that improve health. The money families have, the better the goods and services they can buy. [and] For various reasons, people on low incomes are more likely to adopt unhealthy behaviours smoking and drinking, for example while those on higher incomes are more able to afford healthier lifestyles (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2014). AC 1.2 Assess the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health in England There are many various government sources reporting on the levels of health experienced by public service users across England. These sources include Health Survey for England (HSFE), Acheson Report Independent Inquiry in Inequalities in Health (1998), Census Data and Health and Lifestyle Surveys (HALS). These sources, with the exception of the Census Data, provide a snapshot of health of public health service users in England. The information acquired from these different sources assist the government in its decision making when allocating health related funding to the various regions in England, recognising that the variation in health needs, or to be precise health inequalities, within one particular region may be as great, or greater than, the variation in needs between regions. In a blog, on the Guardian website in 2010, the following statement partly explains the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health in England in that It has been said that each stop on the District line to east London cuts life expectancy by a year (Guardian, 2010). The District line runs through some of the most expensive areas in London through to some of the most deprived. Drawing on statistics produced by the Office of National Statistics (ONS), this same blog highlighted the following: the average life expectancy age of a man in London is 78.6; however along the District Line, from west to east, the following boroughs showed variants around this average age, as follows: Ealing 78.9 Hammersmith Fulham 78.1 Kensington Chelsea 84.4 Westminster 83.4 Tower Hamlets 76.0 Newham 76.2 Barking and Dagenham 76.5 (Guardian, 2010). In an NHS study on life expectancy it was observed that Money may not buy you happiness, but it is linked to good health (NHS, 2015). Notably, this report considered the North-South divide in England, but this observation is very much applicable to the findings included in the Guardian blog above. Either side of the two richest boroughs in England, Kensington Chelsea and Westminster, the link between money and health, in London, is clear. At the west end of the District line male life expectancy differs from the London average by tenths of a percentage point; Ealing being six tenths of a percentage point higher, while Hammersmith and Fulham is five tenths of a percentage point lower. Overall family income levels are not as high in these two boroughs when compared with Kensington Chelsea and Westminster, however, family income levels are higher than those in Tower Hamlets, Newham and Barking Dagenham which have all been classed, at various times, as deprived boroughs (Hill, 2015). Although, the examples of life expectancy above are for men in London, the point should not be missed that money, or to be precise the lack of money, does play a part in health inequalities. Thus, it is undoubtedly necessary for the government to be fully conversant with the varying conditions of wealth, which impact health outcomes, across England. In this way, funding and resources should be deployed to areas experiencing inequalities in health, and in so doing health inequalities should be address for the benefit of the population most in need of public funded health care. AC 1.3 Discuss reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare. There are many reasons why there are barriers to accessing healthcare. These reasons include a lack of education, information, funding for staff and facilities and mobility, plus limited or no access to GPs and other health professionals. In detail, there is a somewhat convoluted cycle of lack which may results in those with the most health needs not receiving the necessary medical attention. A lack of education may prevent a potential public service user from accessing and/or receiving the relevant information even if it is available, which may assist them in making an informed decision as to which health professional could be seen first. In England, now, a pharmacist could be the first point of call, avoiding possible long waits to see a GP. Therefore, simple and treatable conditions could get worst while awaiting a GP appointment. Without the appropriate information a public service user may not know that a certain question should be asked; it is difficult to ask a question if one is ignorant of the fact that a question should be asked. Lack of information, along with restricted numbers in staffing contributes to ignorance in health related conditions, since the staff which could possibly mitigate the outcomes, arising from no written information by sharing that information in discussion, may have been cut owing to limited and/or reduced funding. Funding, or the lack of it, reduces staffing levels and the appropriate facilities to address public health issues. Funding also impacts on GP availability if a health trust decides to cut funding per patient to a GP; in this way GPs may be reluctant to accept new patients, or reduce surgery cover which may impact on the services provided by other health professionals linked to a surgery. Without a nearby and accessible surgery, those service users with mobility issue s may find it a struggle to attend the nearest surgery which requires a journey involving two or more changes using public transport. Whatever the reason, or combination of reasons, for being unable to access healthcare, most negative outcomes are probably quite preventable, and as such more costly to the public health providers when corrective action must be taken. REFERENCES Fowajuh, G. (2007) West Midlands Key Health Data 2007/08 Chapter Ten: Inequalities in Life Expectancies in the West Midlands Available online at  http://medweb4.bham.ac.uk/websites/key_health_data/2007/ch_10.htm  accessed on 27/02/17 Hill, D. (2015) Londons Poorest Boroughs Once Again Prepare to Make the Biggest Cuts Available online at  https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/davehillblog/2015/feb/23/londons-poorest-boroughs-once-again-prepare-to-make-the-biggest-cuts accessed 27/02/2017 Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2011) Does Income Inequality Cause Health and Social Problems? Available online at https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/does-income-inequality-cause-health-and-social-problems accessed on 27/02/17 Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2014) How does Money Influence Health? Available online at https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/how-does-money-influence-health accessed on 27/02/17 NHS (2015) Study Finds North-South Divide in UK Life Expectancy Available online at http://www.nhs.uk/news/2015/09September/Pages/Study-finds-North-South-divide-in-UK-life-expectancy.aspx accessed on 27/02/17